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The Earth and the Solar System (Земля і Сонячна система)
We,
humans, live on the Earth. And our planet Earth is surrounded by space. The sky is
what we see of space. There are billions of stars and probobly billions
of
other planets moving through space. Our planet is moving through space,
too. We live on the surface of our planet Earth. Gravity keeps us here
on the
Earth. Gravity is an invisible force that pulls things and people toward
the
center of the Earth. All the other planets,
stars and moons have gravity, too. Without gravity we would float away into space.
The Sun lights up the Earth. The Earth turns around each day. The half
of the
Earth turned away from the Sun is dark. On that half of the Earth it is
night.
The half of the Earth turned toward the Sun is light. On that half it is
daytime. We,
human beings, have always wanted to
know what is out in space. We have created telescopes and spaceships to find out.
Astronomers use giant telescopes to study the moon, stars and planets. Astronauts
travelling in spaceships explore parts of space that are too
far away for people to visit. The Sun is really a star. Stars are fiery balls of burning
gas. We cannot go to the Sun because it is much too hot. The Sun is a
million
times bigger than the Earth. It’s much closer to the Earth than the
other
stars. That is why the Sun looks so bright to us. The Sun gives light
and heat.
We,
human beings, would not be alive if there weren’t
the Sun. Plants
and animals could not live either. The Moon is our nearest neighbor in
space.
The Moon is smaller than the Earth. It moves around the Earth in a path,
called
an orbit. Astronauts have visited the Moon. A spaceship takes a half
days to go
from the Earth to the Moon. Mercury is a planet closed to the Sun. It is
so
hot, that nothing can live here. The spaceship sent back pictures of the
surface of Mercury. It has rocks and craters like the Moon. Venus is the
second
planet from the Sun. It is the closest planet to the Earth and about the
same
size as the Earth. You can easily see Venus in the sky without a
telescope. But even the strongest telescope cannot see the surface as
it is covered
by thick clouds. These
cloud are made of acid instead of water. Mars is about
half as big as the Earth. You can also see Mars in the sky without a
telescope.
For
many years people have imagine that there are
intelligent humanlike beings on Mars, but there is no air on Mars, so
Earthlike
beings cannot live there. Saturn is the second largest planet. It has at least 20
Moons. Jupiter is the biggest planet in our solar system. The solar
system is a
very small part of the Milky Way galaxy, this galaxy may have 2 hundred
billions stars.
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